Assigning an IP Address(分配IP網址) <<
Previous Next >> Classful Vs. Classless Addressing.Subnet and CIDR(相對於無類尋址.子網和CIDR)
IPv6
英.Internet protocol version 6 was developed to provide more public IP addresses, because the IPv4 public addressing space was running out as a result of the proliferation of network devices in our lives. Now, our cellphones, laptops, tablets, thermostats, refrigerators, TVs, and more are all being connected to the network and they all need IP addresses. Due to the 32-bit addresses used by IPv4, we were limited to 4.2 billion IP addresses, but by increasing the address space to 128-bit addresses in IPv6, the number of IP addresses available has increased to 340 undecillion addresses.
中.Internet協議版本6的開發是為了提供更多的公共IP地址，因為由於我們生活中網絡設備的激增，IPv4公共尋址空間已耗盡。 現在，我們的手機，筆記本電腦，平板電腦，恆溫器，冰箱，電視等已全部連接到網絡，並且它們都需要IP地址。 由於IPv4使用32位地址，我們只能使用42億個IP地址，但是通過將地址空間增加到IPv6中的128位地址，可用的IP地址數量已增加到340個十億位地址。
Benefits of IPv6(IPv6的好處)
英.Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has many advantages. The biggest one is the number of available IP addresses. In IPv6, broadcast is not provided, which frees up IP addresses, reduces traffic sent over the network, and increases bandwidth. In addition, IPv6 does not allow data packets to be fragmented (divided into fragments) during transmission. The protocol solves this problem by adjusting the maximum transmission unit size each time a session is created between two devices.
One of the advantages of IPv6 is that it allows IPv4 and IPv6 to run simultaneously on the device, and services can be provided to the device from either protocol without conflict. IPv6 can also run on top of IPv4 as a tunneling protocol, which can also run on older devices.
中.與IPv4相比，IPv6具有許多優勢。 最大的一個是可用IP地址的數量。 在IPv6中，不提供廣播，這將釋放IP地址，減少通過網絡發送的流量並增加帶寬。 另外，IPv6不允許在傳輸過程中對數據包進行分段（劃分為分段）。 該協議通過每次在兩個設備之間創建會話時調整最大傳輸單元大小來解決此問題。
IPv6的優點之一是它允許IPv4和IPv6在設備上同時運行，並且可以從任一協議向設備提供服務而不會發生衝突。 IPv6還可以作為隧道協議在IPv4之上運行，該協議也可以在較舊的設備上運行。
IPv6 Address Structure(IPv6地址結構)
英.While IPv6 has numerous improvements over IPv4, the most notable thing about IPv6 that people see is the format of the address. Instead of the dotted-decimal notation we used in IPv4 with addresses like 192.168.1.1, IPv6 uses eight groupings of four hexadecimal digits in each group.
the creators of IPv6 allowed for a shorthand. First, anytime there are leading zeros, they can be dropped. This is equivalent to dropping the leading zeros in the number 0010 to 10. The numbers are equivalent, as long as the zeros are in front of the other digits. The second shorthand technique involves several groupings of four zeros. When multiple groupings of four zeros are present, they can be represented by a double colon (::). Note that you can only use the double colon once per address, because the only way to know how many sets of zeros you’ve replaced with the double colon is to compare the shorthand address with the total number of bits available.
中.儘管IPv6相對於IPv4進行了許多改進，但人們看到的關於IPv6的最值得注意的是地址的格式。 IPv6不是在IPv4中使用像192.168.1.1這樣的地址使用的點分十進製表示法，而是在每個組中使用四個十六進制數字組成的八組。
IPv6的創建者允許使用簡寫形式。 首先，只要有前導零，就可以將其丟棄。 這等效於將數字0010中的前導零刪除為10。這些數字是等效的，只要零在其他數字的前面即可。 第二種速記技術涉及四個零的幾個分組。 當存在四個零的多個分組時，可以用雙冒號（：:)表示。 請注意，每個地址只能使用雙冒號一次，因為要知道用雙冒號替換了多少個零集的唯一方法是將速記地址與可用位數進行比較。
IPv6 data flow(IPv6數據流)
英.The data flow in IPv6 is similar to the data flow in IPv4. In fact, unicast and multicast work in the same way as IPv4. Since there is no broadcast in IPv6, it has been replaced with "any broadcast". Anycast allows data to be transferred from a single source device to the closest one of multiple (but specific) devices on the network. IPv6 can specify which gateway host is closest, and send the packet to that host as if it were unicast communication. The host can arbitrarily broadcast to another host in the group until all routing tables are updated.
中.IPv6中的數據流類似於IPv4中的數據流。 實際上，單播和多播的工作方式與IPv4相同。 由於IPv6中沒有廣播，因此已將其替換為“任何廣播”。 Anycast允許將數據從單個源設備傳輸到網絡上多個（但特定的）設備中最接近的一個。 IPv6可以指定最接近的網關主機，並將數據包發送到該主機，就好像它是單播通信一樣。 主機可以任意廣播到組中的另一台主機，直到更新所有路由表。
Assigning an IP Address(分配IP網址) <<
Previous Next >> Classful Vs. Classless Addressing.Subnet and CIDR(相對於無類尋址.子網和CIDR)