英.There are four components that make up a properly configured IPv4 network client: IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and domain name system (DNS) IP address.
The first component of a properly configured IPv4 network client is the IP address. This is the logical name assigned to that particular host.

The second component of the IPv4 network client is the subnet mask. A subnet mask is required to ensure that the host knows what other IP addresses are on its network

The third component of the IPv4 network client is the default gateway. This is the IP address of the device (usually a router) that connects this particular network to another network.

The last component of the IPv4 network client is the DNS server IP address or WINS server IP. The DNS server is a domain name system server and is responsible for converting the domain name into the IP address of the host.

中.IPv4網絡客戶端的過程由四個部分組成：IP地址，子網掩碼，默認網關和域名系統（DNS）IP地址。
正確配置的IPv4網絡客戶端的第一部分是IP地址。 這是分配給該特定主機的邏輯名稱。

IPv4網絡客戶端的第二個組件是子網掩碼。 需要子網掩碼以確保主機知道其網絡上還有哪些其他IP地址

IPv4網絡客戶端的第三個組件是默認網關。 這是將該特定網絡連接到另一個網絡的設備（通常是路由器）的IP地址。

IPv4網絡客戶端的最後一個組件是DNS服務器IP地址或WINS服務器IP。 DNS服務器是域名系統服務器，負責將域名轉換為主機的IP地址。

英.IP addresses are assigned to clients or workstations using static or dynamic configuration. In the static configuration, we found a simple way to assign addresses, but this is time-consuming. This method requires the technician to enter the four necessary pieces of information that make up the address (IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server IP address). This is prone to human error, because a single incorrectly typed number will cause the device to fail to connect to the network. In addition, since each client must be configured separately and duplicate IP addresses are not allowed, this requires detailed recording of the used IP addresses and is very impractical for large networks.

Dynamic configuration is faster and easier. There are two dynamic configuration methods: DHCP and BOOTP. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is simple for large networks and is not easy to be confused, because the server can handle the assignment of client IP addresses as well as the subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server. In fact, the network administrator only needs to provide a series of IP addresses for the DHCP server to distribute, and the DHCP server will do all the work for the network administrator. The DHCP server provides the client with an IP address and associated parameters, as well as "lease time". The lease time is the specific time that the client is allowed to use the IP address. When the lease is about to expire, the DHCP server will provide the client with the option to extend the lease (if the lease is still in use), or the server can reuse the lease (if it cannot be contacted) and renew the lease with the client). Most large networks and most home networks use DHCP for configuration.

The Bootstrap protocol (often called BOOTP) is an older dynamic addressing protocol that only assigns an IP address, subnet mask, and default gateway. BOOTP does not support providing DNS server information or WINS server information. BOOTP is now obsolete because it has been replaced by DHCP. On the other hand, DHCP is based on the old BOOTP protocol, but adds DNS, WINS, and other variables related to new standards such as voice IP. If your network is dynamically configured, you are most likely to use DHCP.

中.IP地址使用靜態或動態配置分配給客戶端或工作站。在靜態配置中，我們找到了一種分配地址的簡單方法，但這很耗時。此方法要求技術人員輸入組成地址的四個必要信息（IP地址，子網掩碼，默認網關和DNS服務器IP地址）。這很容易發生人為錯誤，因為單個錯誤鍵入的數字將導致設備無法連接到網絡。另外，由於必須分別配置每個客戶端，並且不允許重複的IP地址，因此這需要詳細記錄所使用的IP地址，這對於大型網絡來說是非常不切實際的。

動態配置更快，更輕鬆。動態配置方法有兩種：DHCP和BOOTP。動態主機配置協議（DHCP）對於大型網絡來說很簡單，並且不容易混淆，因為服務器可以處理客戶端IP地址以及子網掩碼，默認網關和DNS服務器的分配。實際上，網絡管理員只需要提供一系列IP地址即可供DHCP服務器分發，DHCP服務器將為網絡管理員完成所有工作。 DHCP服務器為客戶端提供IP地址和關聯的參數以及“租用時間”。租用時間是允許客戶端使用IP地址的特定時間。當租約即將到期時，DHCP服務器將為客戶端提供擴展租約的選項（如果仍在使用租約），或者服務器可以重用租約（如果無法聯繫）並續訂租約。與客戶）。大多數大型網絡和大多數家庭網絡都使用DHCP進行配置。

Bootstrap協議（通常稱為BOOTP）是一種較舊的動態尋址協議，僅分配IP地址，子網掩碼和默認網關。 BOOTP不支持提供DNS服務器信息或WINS服務器信息。 BOOTP現在已過時，因為它已被DHCP取代。另一方面，DHCP基於舊的BOOTP協議，但添加了DNS，WINS以及與新標準（例如語音IP）相關的其他變量。如果網絡是動態配置的，則最有可能使用DHCP。